Taxus baccata

Botanical Name:- Taxus baccata Linn.

Family:- Taxaceae

English Name:- Himalayan yew

Hindi Name:- थुनेर

Its medium height evergreen trees are found at an altitude of 2000-3300 m in Himalayan Kashmir, hilly region of eastern Punjab, Garhwal, Afghanistan and Upper Burma etc. At some places, there are hut-shaped trees up to 32 m height.

Morphology:- Its stem is small but its roundness is up to 4 m. Bark – thin, slightly reddish khaki in colour. Wood – hard, outer part is white and inner part is reddish white. Leaves – grow in two rows. They are 2.5-3 cm long, 2.5 mm wide, linear, hard, flat, pointed, dark on the upper surface and light yellow or maroon on the lower surface. There is one vein and leaf tube is short. A kind of smell comes from the leaves especially when they dry. There is a greenish seed surrounded in a red cocoon which is open on the top. The hill people make a kind of tea like drink from its bark and drink it and eat its fruits.

Though in Uttar Pradesh, Rajputana, Maharashtra and Gujarat etc. it is used in place of Talishpatra.

However, now it has been accepted as a Sthoneyak (स्थौणेयक) by the name Thuner. Its leaves are used in northern India under the name Burmy as an aphrodisiac and sedative and for epilepsy, dysmenorrhea and vascular weakness, etc.

Properties and Uses:- Talispatra is a depressant, anti-inflammatory, emetic, carminative, expectorant and tonic. Its action is somewhat similar to digitalis. When used in small quantity, the pulse and breathing rate decreases. In medium quantity, breathing increases and increase heartbeat occurs. It causes contraction of uterus. Due to toxic effect, abortion, dizziness, vomiting, convulsions, intoxication, dilation of pupils of eyes, slow breathing and respiratory distress occur and death occurs. Due to toxic effect, inflammation also occurs in stomach, intestine and kidneys. It does not have cumulative effect like digitalis.

It is used in diseases like epilepsy etc. which have convulsions. use in dry cough, chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract and asthma etc. reduces the problem of cough.

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